Sepsis neonatal, factores de riesgo y mortalidad

Abstract

Background:Neonatal sepsis is a systemic disease of bacterial, viral, or fungal cause associated with hemodynamic changes that affect children under 28 days of age; for several years, it has been a challenge for neonatology even though this area of health has made significant advances in diagnosis and therapy and continues to occupy the first place among the leading causes of death. Objective:To describe neonatal sepsis, its risk factors, and mortality. Methodology: This work is a quantitative descriptive study on neonatal sepsis, risk factors, and mortality, mainly considering articles and scientific research developed in 2018-2023 and that are within the quartile 1 and 4 of Scimago Journal in Spanish and English language of descriptive, cross-sectional, analytical, retrospective,and prospective designs; using literature search engines such as PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, among others.Results: Regarding the etiology of sepsis, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus has been identified as one of the most frequent germs in late sepsis. At the same time, Klebsiella pneumoniais more common in developed countries. Regarding the factors that influence the development of this disease, a statistically significant association was found between neonatal sepsis and low birth weight (P value <0.001), <37 weeks of gestation (P value <0.001), premature rupture of membranes >18 hours (P value: 0.003). Neonatal sepsis case fatality is among the three leading causes of death in infants <28 days.