Privación de sueño como factor de riesgo para el aumento de peso. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Sleep deprivation is a public health problem due to metabolic disorders predisposing to developing diseases such as diabetes, depression, anxiety, obesity, and stroke. On average, the general population sleeps less than seven hours a day and fails to practice sleep hygiene measures. Methodology: This is a narrative literature review study, an extensive revision of the literature on sleep deprivation as a risk factor for weight gain in scientific databases such as PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, following the PRISMA strategy. Results: Sixty-seven studies were reviewed, compiling the main recommendations on sleep deprivation as a risk factor for weight gain, in which the impact on metabolism and the association with chronic non-communicable diseases were evidenced. Conclusions: Sleep deprivation has harmful metabolic effects on personnel working night shifts; its impact on metabolism predisposes them to the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases. In addition, it has been shown that in the long term it has genetic repercussions through the transcription of the CLOCK and BMAL codons that are associated with glucose metabolism. Therefore, it is essential to establish sleep hygiene practices to prevent metabolic complications.