Eficacia de la radiografía versus ecografía en el diagnóstico de displasia congénita de cadera: Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Congenital hip dysplasia is a structural defect of the coxofemoral joint in neonates; the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown in many cases, it can present at birth or during growth, and there is a need to understand the proper management in clinical assessment, diagnosis, and treatment. Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy of radiography versus ultrasonography in diagnosing congenital hip dysplasia. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted on MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, SciELO, Dialnet, Cochrane, Scopus, and Open Science Journal virtual libraries. The PICO strategy was implemented using keywords and the combination with Boolean operators in Spanish: "hip dysplasia," "ultrasound," "radiography," and filters such as “systematic reviews," "English and Spanish languages," and "last five years." Results: After reviewing 187 articles, 16 papers met the requirements for the research. The diagnosis of congenital hip dysplasia was performed through different screening methods, ultrasonography, radiography, and clinical evaluation, resulting in more effective ultrasonography, with a selective application as a form of screening. Conclusions: Ultrasonography presents a sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 97%, radiography sensitivity of 61% and specificity of 87%, and the diagnostic accuracy is 86.67% and 78.89%, respectively Ultrasonography is advantageous in combination with other methods, such as clinical evaluation, to ensure an accurate diagnosis. However, it is necessary to consider the availability and accessibility of the application of each study.