Efecto del entrenamiento pliométrico en el desarrollo de la fuerza explosiva en fútbol: revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Soccer, as a competitive sport, requires specific training that integrates physical, technical, tactical, and psychological components. One of the main challenges is developing explosive strength, an essential ability for executing movements such as jumps and sprints. Plyometric training has proven to be an effective tool for this purpose, combining strength and speed to enhance muscle power and sports performance. This study aims to analyze the relationship between plyometric training and explosive strength development in soccer players through a literature review. The methodology followed a qualitative-descriptive approach, analyzing 35 studies, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published from 2018 to 2024, focused on the impact of this type of training on soccer players of different ages and categories. The results reveal that a well-structured plyometric program improves explosive strength, speed, agility, and endurance, significantly benefiting the lower body. Key variables such as program duration (7-12 weeks), frequency (2-3 sessions per week), and personalization are crucial for maximizing results and reducing injury risks. In conclusion, the relationship between plyometric training and the development of explosive strength in soccer players positively improves explosive strength. It enhances other physical abilities, such as speed, agility, and endurance. Its personalized implementation optimizes sports performance, reinforcing its relevance in the comprehensive physical preparation of soccer players. Keywords: plyometric training, explosive strength, soccer