Complicaciones de la cirugía bariátrica. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a global issue that affects the population worldwide. Therefore, bariatric surgery has been employed as a long-term treatment after the failure of medical management. However, early or late complications have been observed. Objective: To describe the complications following bariatric surgery through a systematic review. Material and Methods: An in-depth investigation was conducted on PubMed, SciELO, and Springer, among other databases and bibliographic searches, through a descriptive, retrospective, qualitative approach. The study took into consideration the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 statement. Results: The bibliographic search generated a database of 44 studies, providing information on bariatric surgery complications. During the investigation, 19 studies unrelated to the topic were excluded, and 25 articles were selected. Conclusions: The technique that causes the most complications is sleeve gastrectomy. Complications like fistulas, bleeding, and stenosis are classified as early, and intestinal obstruction, protein malnutrition, and internal hernias are late complications. The group at the highest risk of complications includes individuals over 40 years old, males, and those with Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), among others.