Diagnóstico y manejo del ictus agudo

Abstract

Background: Acute stroke constitutes a critical cerebrovascular emergency that stands as a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is subdivided into ischemic and hemorrhagic types, each with specific pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnoses, and therapeutic strategies, leading to diverse clinical management modalities. One of the critical problems lies in the variability and constant evolution of diagnostic methods and available therapies, which underscores the need to provide updated scientific information to medical personnel to optimize patients' treatment. Objectives: This literature review article aims to evaluate the current methods of diagnosis and management of acute stroke, analyze the clinical forms of presentation according to sociodemographic factors, determine treatment strategies (including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions), and compare the management and treatment of stroke between a regional and global scenario. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional literature review with a qualitative approach based on previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focused on contemporary, reliable, and relevant high-percentile scientific sources such as PubMed, Scopus, WoS, and LILACS. Results: The literature review highlights the variability in presenting stroke symptoms between genders and suggests a sociodemographic, clinical evaluation for an accurate diagnosis. It also highlights regional disparity in the availability of specific treatments. It emphasizes the importance of comprehensive research that addresses sociodemographic variables and evaluates therapeutic efficacy and inequalities in medical care to optimize stroke management.