Enfermedad displásica del desarrollo de cadera: Diagnóstico y tratamiento

Abstract

Hip dysplasia is an orthopedic condition in which the hip joint does not develop correctly, resulting in an unstable connection between the femur and the acetabulum. This condition can cause pain, limited mobility, and premature osteoarthritis. The importance of studying hip dysplasia lies in the need for early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to prevent long-term complications. Early detection permits interventions ranging from orthopedic devices to corrective surgery, significantly improving the patient's quality of life and preventing future disabilities. Additionally, ongoing research on this pathology is essential for developing more precise and less invasive surgical techniques, reducing the disease burden, and improving the well-being of affected individuals. Objective: To investigate significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dysplastic hip disease through a comprehensive and up-to-date literature review of recent years. Methodology: This research is a bibliographic review with a qualitative and descriptive approach, aiming to gather information on recent advances in diagnosing and managing hip dysplastic disease. Results: Anamnesis and physical examination are necessary for the selective screening of patients with suspected hip dysplasia, with ultrasound recognized as the most fundamental complementary study in children under six months of age. Studies on expectant treatment and open or closed reduction for this pathology are detailed.