Riesgo de osteoporosis en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus 2

Abstract

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2), a metabolic disease in constant increase, has been the subject of attention due to its potential association with bone health. This study addresses the relevant interconnection between type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis risk, describing its relationship and clinical implications. Objective: To describe the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of developing osteoporosis. Methodology: A PRISMA search was conducted, applying inclusion criteria, prioritizing type 2 diabetic patients with osteoporosis, and focusing on recent publications. The review included various types of studies, excluding non-scientific papers and those not centered on the diabetes-osteoporosis relationship. The search was carried out in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords and Boolean connectors, constructing practical search strings. Results: Pathophysiological mechanisms explain the association between obesity in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, such as poor trabecular microarchitecture; the influence on the functionality of osteocytes and osteoblasts cells was highlighted, leading to damage to the extracellular matrix due to inflammation and oxidative stress. Healthy lifestyle strategies were prioritized, emphasizing the practice of personalized exercise and a balanced diet. Conclusions: Understanding the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis within its physiological, risk, and preventive domains will adequately manage this disease in patients with DM2.