Diagnóstico y tratamiento del glioblastoma multiforme. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme has an estimated incidence of 3-4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. It is considered an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and low survival rate compared to other types of cancers, such as astrocytoma and oligoastrocytoma, which occur at younger ages. Due to somewhat unknown causes, its incidence has increased, especially in the population over 65 years old. Objective: To describe the leading techniques and alternatives used in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma multiform through a systematic review of the scientific literature. Methodology: Qualitative research with a non-experimental, descriptive, and analytical design was conducted for the literature review on the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. The PRISMA guidelines were applied to the research structure. Scientific articles published from 2019 to 2023 in Spanish and English were analyzed, and a search was performed on Web of Science, SciELO, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. Results: Forty-one articles were selected. The standard test for diagnosing glioblastoma is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and the main therapeutic option is surgical resection, followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusions: The standard diagnostic method for glioblastoma multiforme is MRI, including its derivatives, especially spectroscopy. Treatment is focused on surgery as the primary option, followed by adjuvant methods, like radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, and administrating drugs like temozolomide and bevacizumab.