Eficacia de las intervenciones en el estilo de vida para el tratamiento de la obesidad en niños: revisión sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Childhood obesity represents a growing global problem with significant clinical implications, as it is characterized by an excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that substantially increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. In particular, this problem has been exacerbated by factors related to modern lifestyles, such as the consumption of ultra-processed foods and a decline in physical activity. Childhood obesity is estimated to be associated with a high long-term burden of disease, underscoring the importance of implementing effective lifestyle intervention strategies for its prevention and management. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for the treatment of obesity in children through a systematic review of the scientific literature, with the aim of improving children’s nutritional status. Methodology: A descriptive systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, SciELO, and Medline Plus. Twelve studies that met the established inclusion criteria were selected. Results: It was found that multicomponent interventions, involving family participation and long-term follow-up, were the most effective for improving body mass index (BMI), body composition, eating habits, and quality of life in children with obesity. Keywords: childhood obesity, lifestyle interventions, risk factors, body mass index, treatment