Expectativas nuevas en la oncología: Inmunoterapia de células T con receptor de antígeno quimérico en neoplasias hematológicas

Abstract

Introduction: Cancer is a very frequent pathology globally, among the most complicated types are neoplasms of hematological origin. The established treatments for them revolve around chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, however, it has been shown that these are not effective in all patients, in addition to a high percentage of relapses after their use. Objective: To describe the characteristics of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy as a new treatment alternative in hematological malignancies. Methodology: A bibliographic review was conducted on chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in hematological malignancies. In databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Dialnet. For the extraction of data, articles that expose the characteristics, usefulness, and new advances of CAR T cell therapy in hematological malignancies were prioritized Results: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy is evidenced as a promising option in patients with hematological malignancies, due to its high rate of effectiveness, positioning itself as a new therapeutic choice, providing a broader vision in the hematological field. It has been approved as a treatment for acute myeloid leukemia or B-cell lymphoma. Conclusion: The combination of this therapy together with other cytokine inhibitors would be an excellent choice in the future. Even though effective results have been obtained in different studies, it can also be shown that in some cases the participants presented adverse effects to CAR T cell immunotherapy, for which reason the mechanisms involved in complications continue to be studied in order to generate strategies that increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce complications.