“Evaluación del Control Interno del área de caja: estudio comparativo en dos cooperativas de ahorro y crédito del Segmento 1 de la provincia del Azuay.”

Abstract

Internal control is essential for maintaining financial stability, adapting to technological advances, and complying with regulatory changes. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate internal control in the cash operations area by comparing two credit unions in Cuenca: Jardín Azuayo and La Merced. A qualitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional approach was used, applying the Risk Identification, Segregation, and Control Evolution Review (RISICAR) method. The analysis made it possible to identify and assess the risk, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of the controls that had been implemented. Data were obtained through a detailed analysis of institutional documentation, including internal procedures and control policies for each entity. This revealed significant differences in the quality of risk management. The results showed that Jardín Azuayo, although it has an internal control system with certain weaknesses, has more structured procedures and daily operations that function adequately. In contrast, La Merced showed significant deficiencies, including overly complex processes and insufficient staff training, which increase the risk of operational and financial errors. In conclusion, strong internal controls help reduce operational risk and, above all, strengthen the financial stability of these credit unions.