Actualización en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las manifestaciones pulmonares y sistémicas asociadas a hipertensión arterial pulmonar. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate, through the information gathered from academic search engines, updated scientific evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension, aiming for an individualized approach in practice according to each patient's clinical profile and risk factors. Methodology: A descriptive, quantitative, and analytical systematic review study will be conducted through the analysis of scientific data investigations on the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary and systemic manifestations associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. This process will follow the PRISMA statement, focusing on the adult population. Results: Of the 18 selected research articles related to the age group, the mean age was 54.6 years, and the population comprised 3933 individuals, 79.3% women and 20.7% men. Before being included in the various studies, these individuals already suffered from pre-existing pathologies such as heart diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, connective tissue pathologies, diabetes, arterial hypertension, cancer, and human immunodeficiency virus. From the selected articles, the population group with the highest disease prevalence comes from the United States and European countries, in comparison to Latin American countries where statistics do not reflect accurate information on individuals suffering from this pathology, being under-diagnosed and lacking little scientific evidence.