Resistencia a la insulina en la población mundial

Abstract

Insulin resistance, along with chronic diseases, is considered a health complication that can lead to severe consequences in people. Objective: To analyze the existing literature on the current epidemiological situation of insulin resistance worldwide. Methodology: In a study based on a database search, the inclusion criteria were: full-text articles in Spanish and English published between 2019 to 2023. Results: The highest prevalence was in Venezuela, with 70.8%, specifically in women between 40 and 49. The main factors of insulin resistance are obesity, physical inactivity, overweight, poor diet, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. There is a physiological mechanism that leads patients with insulin resistance to be prone to develop metabolic syndromes. The therapeutic approach includes physical action and a balanced diet; as for medications, it is recommended to start using metformin. Interventions will increase the level of knowledge of people with IR. Conclusions: The HOMA-IR index is the most widely used technique to establish the prevalence of IR, with female sex, age over 45 years, overweight, and diabetes being the main risk factors. Treatment may be adjustable depending on the patient's case. A statistical association was found between IR and metabolic syndrome. The interventions of health personnel in the care, control, and follow-up of patients with IR are essential for managing the disease and its evolution. Keywords. Insulin Resistance, Associated Factors, Cardiovascular Disease, Complications, Nursing Care.