Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con espondilitis anquilosante

Abstract

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and progressive condition that manifests mainly in the axial skeletal system, particularly on the sacroiliac joints and the lumbar spine. Objective: To identify the nursing interventions used in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methodology: A literature review of the last five years was carried out in Spanish and English using the following databases: Scopus, SciELO, Research, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Redalyc using keywords that coincide with health science descriptors such as Ankylosing Spondylitis, prevalence, factors, complications, pharmacological treatment, nursing care and the Boolean operator AND. Results: The worldwide majority is 0.9%; in Southeast Asia, it is 1.61%; in Latin America, 0.52%; and in Europe, among the associated factors, genetic factors, mechanical stress, and osteoporosis are reported. Complications include cervical spine injuries, spinal fractures and injuries affecting the spinal cord, hip injuries, anterior uveitis, and stroke. Nursing interventions are crucial in therapeutic approaches, especially when administering biological therapies to patients. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are also highlighted, along with comprehensive care, all aimed at promoting the patient's well-being. Conclusions: Ankylosing spondylitis often affects the patient's quality of life, management should be multidisciplinary and the role of nursing personnel helps to control symptom to prevent disability, enhance expectations for a good quality of life, and prevent the progression of this pathology. Keywords: Interventions, Care, Nursing, Prevalence, Ankylosing Spondylitis.