Coartación de la aorta: diagnóstico pediátrico y reparación

Abstract

Background: Aortic coarctation is a congenital pathology characterized by the narrowing of the aorta, leading to blood flow obstruction. It accounts for 8-10% of genetic heart disease —equivalent to 4/10000 live births— and is usually detected in adulthood. Objective: To establish the diagnosis, treatment, and controversies about Aortic Coarctation in pediatric patients. Methodology: Narrative literature review. Results: The methods with the highest rate of diagnostic efficacy in fetuses and newborns are echocardiography and arterial measurement under cardiac parameters; with over 50% of cases confirmed after birth. The treatment methods used are balloon angioplasty and stent placement, allowing patients to recover; however, the incidence of reintervention in treated patients can reach 10 and 20%. Although there is some controversy, some authors recommend balloon angioplasty in newborns, while other groups demonstrate that surgical correction for treatment is effective. Conclusions: Aortic coarctation is a defect generally diagnosed after birth. Complementary tests may include echocardiography, computed axial tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The most useful treatments may be balloon angioplasty or stent insertion. It is crucial for treated patients to undergo long-term follow-up due to potential risks