Efectividad de la cirugía bariátrica en la obesidad mórbida. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Bariatric surgery has become an effective method to treat morbid obesity, characterized by a "body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 40 kg/m²", which carries significant health risks and is associated with various diseases. Several surgical techniques have been developed and applied in bariatric practice, among which gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, and adjustable gastric banding stand out. Each of these techniques presents both advantages and disadvantages, and the selection of the most suitable technique is determined by the particularities and specific requirements of each patient. Methodology: The search strategy was based on the use of the following information repositories: PubMed, Dialnet, and Scopus. Observational studies, systematic reviews, randomized controlled or uncontrolled clinical trials, and meta-analyses were selected. Publications such as scientific articles and journal articles were searched for. Results: Filters were applied for the last five years and publications in English and Spanish were considered. With this strategy, it was possible to obtain relevant and updated results related to the topic of study. Conclusions: Finally, bariatric surgery is considered an effective alternative to treat morbid obesity, thanks to its ability to significantly improve associated diseases such as elevated blood pressure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and achieve long-term sustainable weight lost. Keywords: morbid obesity, bariatric surgery, overweight, weight loss surgery, surgical techniques in bariatrics.