Insuficiencia hepática en América Latina

Abstract

Introduction: Liver failure is a serious condition that results in the failure of liver functions, affecting multiple organ systems. Research Questions: This study aims to analyze the prevalence of liver failure, the factors associated with this pathology, as well as its complications, therapeutic approaches, and nursing interventions performed in cases of liver failure. Methodology: A literature review was conducted in the databases of Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Dialnet, SciELO, Google Scholar, Google Books, Cochrane, and institutional websites of the Pan American Health Organization and Mayo Clinic; descriptors related to this pathology were used in the search, articulated by the Boolean operators AND, and OR. Results: This study revealed that acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has high mortality, prevalent in countries such as Brazil and Mexico. Among the risk factors, alcohol consumption, infections, and medications such as paracetamol were included. The most common complications are multi-organ failure and cerebral edema. Liver transplantation is key in advanced treatment; meanwhile, nursing interventions focus on monitoring, managing complications, and providing comprehensive support. Conclusion: ACLF is a liver pathology with high mortality and severe complications, especially in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and alcohol consumption. A multidimensional approach that includes the management of comorbidities and systemic support is crucial for improving survival. Liver transplantation and extracorporeal interventions are fundamental, complemented by the vital role of nursing staff. Keywords: Liver failure, prevalence, hepatic failure, nursing care.