Mogad: abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico

Abstract

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease, or MOGAD, is an autoimmune inflammatory pathology of the central nervous system, mediated by a demyelinating process. There is very little data on the prevalence and incidence of the disease; since myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) was first described in 1980, however, only in the 21st century is its role in the genesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases recognized, and it was not until 2018 where the differences of MOGAD with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica are clarified. Patients may present with clinical features of optic neuritis, transverse myelitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, which leads to confusion with the other autoimmune demyelinating diseases, being essential the support of complementary studies such as magnetic resonance imaging and detection of MOG antibodies for an adequate characterization and thus to establish the optimal treatment. The present review aims to provide updated information on the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to MOGAD, which allows health personnel to perform an adequate management of the pathology and thus, a better quality of life of patients.