Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con tuberculosis extrapulmonar a nivel de Latinoamérica

Abstract

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPT) is an infectious-contagious pathology due to the hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to different body organs and is considered one of the pathologies that cause death worldwide; this pathology represents 15 to 20% of the cases. The methodology used was a bibliographic search of original articles that do not exceed five years of publication using the Catholic University of Cuenca databases and software. Boolean operators were used to search for information, such as AND and OR, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were used according to the topic. The important results of this research are that the prevalence of EPT is variable over the years in different Latin American countries, different factors are mentioned, but the main one is the immunosuppression caused by HIV; the most frequently affected sites are the pleura, lymph nodes, digestive tract, among others. Four types of first-line drugs are used to treat this disease: Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol; these drugs must be administered every day without exception. In conclusion, it is a pathology that has not disappeared, having several sites of hematogenous dissemination; as for the therapeutic approach the regimen is similar in all the countries investigated; for this reason, nursing professionals play a fundamental role in the care of the patient, for the correct fulfillment of the treatment and thus the remission of the disease. Keywords: Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis, prevalence, associated factors, complications, therapeutics, nursing process.