Morfología craneofacial en niños que presentan síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. Revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of craniofacial morphology in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Method: A search was conducted in different databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), and Springer. No specific language was established. The search included prospective, retrospective, observational, case-control studies and studies using lateral cephalometry, photographic analysis, and in vivo clinical evaluation. There were no restrictions on sex or ethnicity. Conclusions: A decrease in skull base length and increased hyoid to mandibular plane distance was demonstrated in children with OSAS. In addition, a smaller superior inter canine width is accompanied by a significantly narrower maxillary arch. In children, there is a frequency of OSAS of less than 10%; among the risk factors are obesity, allergic rhinitis, tonsillar hypertrophy, and adenoids. The most relevant craniofacial features are decreased skull base length and increased hyoid distance to the mandibular plane.