Implicaciones clínicas de la obesidad en adultos. Revisión Sistemática.

Abstract

Background: The growing silent pandemic of obesity in the last decades and the increase of comorbidities have increased the morbid mortality rate; therefore, obesity has come to be positioned as a potent risk factor for the development of different clinical implications. Objective: To understand the clinical implications of obesity in adulthood through a systematic review using reliable scientific information sources. Methodology: A systematic review of the PRISMA 2020 model, through analysis of clinical trials, meta-analysis studies, and articles in Spanish and/or English collected from scientific databases such as ResearchGate, Scopus, and PubMed, including information from the last five years was conducted. Results: Thirty articles were collected showing that obesity acts as the main precursor of other clinical conditions due to the inflammatory mediators generated by the accumulation of adipose tissue, which alter the physiology of the organs and trigger the appearance of implications mainly at the hepatic, cardiorespiratory, and endocrine-metabolic levels. Discussion: The time at which the development of clinical implications begins in individuals with obesity has not been estimated, but it is mentioned that weight control helps to prevent disease progression. However, a subgroup of patients with obesity is metabolically healthy, indicating that adequate weight control could decrease the rate of comorbidities triggered by this factor. Keywords: adults, BMI, obesity, metabolic disorders