Esquema nacional de vacunación en niños en Latinoamérica

Abstract

Immunization is an effective way to prevent harmful diseases before coming into contact with them, they activate the natural defenses of the organism so that they learn to resist specific infections and also protect the immune system of each living being, after being vaccinated the immune system provides antibodies as it happens when we are exposed to pathology, with the difference that vaccines contain microbes such as virus or bacteria, dead or weakened and do not cause diseases or complications, most of the vaccines are injected but others are administered orally. Objective: To describe the national immunization schedule for children in Latin America. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out based on articles published in scientific databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Taylor and Francis, Research4life, La referencia, Puhmed, Redalyc, and Scielo. Results: In Mexico, the following vaccines applied in the first year of life are: Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG), Hepatitis b (Hb), Pentavalent, Rotavirus, Pneumococcal conjugate, and MMR. In Ecuador, the following vaccination schedule is reflected: BCG, Hb, rotavirus, poliovirus fIPV-bOPV, pentavalent, DPT, pneumococcal, MMR, Yellow Fever (YF) in children and travelers, varicella, influenza, HPV, hepatitis A and diphtheria, and tetanus (DT). Conclusions: At the level of the different Latin American countries vaccination schedules vary according to age, dose, and time of administration, among the diseases preventable by vaccination we find tuberculosis, hepatitis b, rotavirus diarrheal diseases, Poliomyelitis, pneumonia, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, rubella, mumps, varicella, yellow fever, influenza, and cervical cancer.