Manejo terapéutico actualizado del labio y paladar hendido. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Cleft lip and palate is the most common craniofacial anomaly. Its origin is multifactorial and includes disruptions during embryological development, genetic susceptibility, and exposure to harmful environmental factors. Objective: To determine the current approach to the management of cleft lip and palate through a systematic review of the scientific literature. Methodology: A qualitative research study with a non-experimental, descriptive-analytical design was conducted to analyze the management of patients with cleft lip and palate. The structure of the study followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Results: Contemporary management of cleft lip and palate includes procedures such as cheiloplasty, palatoplasty, nasoalveolar fistula closure, bone grafting, and orthognathic surgery. Surgical interventions require adequate development and balance in the child’s nutritional and hemodynamic status to withstand these procedures; therefore, they are typically performed from 12 months of age. Conclusions: Current management of cleft lip and palate involves a multidisciplinary approach, with contributions from several specialties during the prenatal and postnatal periods. Treatment focuses on reconstructing the lip and palate during the early years of life through the use of orthopedic devices and surgical interventions. This is followed by physiotherapy to support proper hearing and speech development, along with corrective measures to restore normal growth, function, and facial appearance. Keywords: cleft lip and palate, congenital anomaly, risk factor, treatment, multidisciplinary management