Teoría de Nola J. Pender aplicado a la prevención del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) en adultos jovenes de Latinoamérica

Abstract

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) represents a challenge for health systems because it is one of the main threats to public health. Currently, 2.1 million people are living with HIV in Latin America. Objective: To elaborate a bibliographic review on Nola J. Pender’s theory applied to HIV prevention in young adults in Latin America. Methodology: A narrative literature review was carried out in scientific databases such as ProQuest, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer, Redalyc, and Google Scholar, using search strategies according to MeSH and DeCS terminology; together with the Boolean operator AND. In addition, original articles published in 2017 in Spanish, English, and Portuguese were used. Results: The Latin American country with the highest prevalence of HIV is Brazil, and the leading risk factor is the sexual act in different gender identities, mainly among homosexuals. Pender's Health Promotion Model supports practices related to health promotion based on people's behaviors. As for the nursing role, its participation in health promotion is a powerful weapon that can be used to arouse the interests of the profession and the patient's welfare. Conclusion: HIV is a health problem that has shown many cases, especially in young adults, manifested through risky sexual behavior. For this, nursing focuses on modifying behavior through the health promotion model that helps prevent the disease.