Conocimientos y actitudes de los médicos del primer nivel de atención para el diagnóstico de patología mamaria y el uso de métodos de imagen, Distrito 03D01, Cañar - Ecuador, 2024 - 2025

Abstract

Background: The detection of breast pathologies using imaging methods poses a challenge for primary care; understanding the protocols ensures appropriate referral when necessary and prioritizes timely treatment. Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes of primary care physicians in District 03D01 regarding the use of imaging methods for the diagnosis of breast pathologies. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in primary care health facilities in District 03D01. The study included family physicians, general practitioners, and rural physicians with at least six months of experience in the management of breast pathologies, excluding those on leave, in internships, or not engaged in clinical practice. Results: Of the 122 physicians (100%) in District 03D01, 57.38% participated in the survey, with a majority coming from rural areas (57.1%). The majority were male general practitioners (75.7% and 34.3%, respectively). Although 84.3% are involved in referrals for imaging studies, only 74.3% show interest in the topic, and just 27.1% receive annual training. Furthermore, although the recommended starting age for each method is known, the frequency of mammography is not known by 71.4% of participants, as well as the management protocol for BI-RADS categories 0, 1, 2, and 3 are unknown. Conclusions and Implications: The study highlights gaps in the understanding and management of breast pathologies in primary care; improvements are needed in training, the implementation of standardized protocols, and the updating of clinical guidelines to optimize detection and treatment. Keywords: BI-RADS, mammography, breast pathology, imaging techniques, breast cancer screening