Intervenciones de enfermería en pacientes con nefropatía crónica asociada a enfermedades no transmisibles

Abstract

Nephropathy is defined as “a decrease in renal function, characterized by a glomerular filtration rate lower than 60 ml/min/1.73m², albuminuria ≥30 mg per 24 hours, or the presence of renal damage for at least three months”. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted by searching scientific articles published in databases such as PubMed, ProQuest, Medigraphic, Redalyc, SciELO, and institutional websites such as the Ministry of Public Health. Results: Nephropathy is a highly prevalent condition, affecting 1 out of every 10 individuals in the general population worldwide. It is one of the leading non-communicable diseases with significant growth in recent years. The primary risk factors include chronic hyperglycemia, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, use of nephrotoxic drugs, genetic causes, age, and male sex. Common complications associated with nephropathy include cardiovascular problems like arterial hypertension, retinopathy leading to progressive vision loss due to microvascular damage, as well as neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and tumors that can be fatal. Treatment involves dietary modifications, and weight optimization, along with long-term use of antiproteinuric and antihypertensive therapies. In more complex cases, renal replacement methods such as dialysis, hemodialysis, and transplantation are utilized. Conclusion: To enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic kidney disease, comprehensive care, treatment, and education to prevent complications is essential. Keywords: Nephropathy, non-communicable, prevalence, risk factors, complications, treatment, nursing care.