Relación entre la maloclusión y la base craneal. Artículo de revisión

Abstract

Malocclusion results from altering the position of the dental pieces, maxillary and craniofacial bones. The skull’s base assumes two growth modes, extensión and flexion. In addition, it presents progressive growth, which can change in different ways, positions, and directions. The anterior and posterior cranial base form an angle that, depending on its value, can produce movements of the mandible, glenoid fossa, maxilla, and facial structures. Objective: To know the relationship between malocclusion and the cranial base. Materials and Methods: A literature review was carried out in the databases PubMed, SciELO, Redalyc, Medigraphic, and Google Scholar. The keywords used were Malocclusion, Cranial Base, Lateral Cephalometry, Extension, and Flexion. The search was limited from 2003 to 2022, in addition to being published in Spanish and English. Seventy-four articles were obtained, of which only 36 met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: A value governs the angle of the cranial base; if its value is higher, it presents a skeletal class II malocclusion. Conversely, if the angle is decreased, skeletal class III malocclusion is obtained. Conclusions: Any alteration in the cranial base directly affects the position of the maxillary bones, dentoalveolar skeletal pattern, malocclusion, craniofacial structure, nasomaxillary complex, size, and angles.