Manejo actual de las complicaciones más frecuentes en la Pancreatitis aguda. Revisión sistemática

Abstract

Acute pancreatitis is one of the most common reasons for consultation, characterized by the sudden inflammation of the pancreas; the etiology is variable but mainly associated with biliary pathology and alcoholism; most patients present with a mild picture, so its diagnosis is made by combining clinical, laboratory parameters, and imaging studies. However, it can evolve into a severe condition, such as necrosis, pseudocyst, or pancreatic abscess; its management can be by surgical, laparoscopic, or endoscopic drainage. Objective: To know the current management of the most common complications in acute pancreatitis employing a systematic review. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted using information from PubMed, SciELO, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. In addition, the Mendeley Reference Manager was used, taking into consideration the recommendations of the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines. Results: After the search for information, 45 articles were obtained, of which, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 40 articles were analyzed for this review. Conclusions: Diagnosis or suspicion should be made early to avoid complications. The incidence is 20% in necrosis, 18.5% in pseudocyst, and 5% in pancreatic abscess. Nevertheless, once established, management will depend on some criteria, where general condition, time, size, location, and comorbidities are considered, either to start pharmacological treatment or, if required, minimally invasive surgical approaches that have shown to have a lower mortality rate.