Diagnóstico temprano de transposición corregida de grandes vasos en paciente prematuro de 32 semanas de gestación

Abstract

Background: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) is a rare cardiac anomaly representing approximately less than 1% of all congenital heart diseases. The combination of discordant atrioventricular and ventriculo-arterial connections characterizes it. Due to its uncommon nature, diagnosis often occurs in adult patients who have remained clinically asymptomatic. In most cases, it is associated with conditions such as bradycardia, tachyarrhythmia, cyanosis, and, over time, systemic right ventricular failure leading to congestive heart failure. Case Description: The present case involves a 32-week gestation preterm neonate with a prenatal history of an 18-year-old mother who experienced threatened abortion in the first trimester. The baby was delivered via cesarean section, weighing 1200g, and hospitalized for one month in neonatology. On the second day of life, cyanosis and a cardiac murmur at the left sternal border with radiation to all areas were observed without gallop rhythm. The neonate was referred to pediatric cardiology, where an echocardiogram confirmed the diagnosis of congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels. Conclusion: Congenitally corrected transposition of the great vessels is a sporadic congenital heart disease, often diagnosed late due to potential asymptomatic presentation, primarily when not associated with other cardiac defects. Therefore, echocardiographic assessment by a pediatric cardiologist is crucial for early diagnosis and timely treatment, thereby avoiding complications such as right heart failure.