Características clínicas y fisiopatológicas de la miocardiopatía dilatada por el consumo de alcohol

Abstract

Dilated cardiomyopathy due to alcohol consumption (ACM) is a toxic-induced pathological condition that leads to progressive impairment of the heart's function and structure, it manifests in recurrent or chronic alcohol consumers with an intake of 80 grams/day, this pathology can result in alterations in myocardial structure, affecting contractility and blood pumping. This work aims to describe the clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy due to alcohol consumption. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An analytical, critical, coherent study was performed, analyzing various studies and trials retrieved from PubMed and Scopus academic databases. The review included primary studies or freely accessible articles categorized within SCImago Q1 and Q2 quartiles, addressing the pathophysiological and clinical characteristics of dilated cardiomyopathy due to alcohol consumption, published in English or Spanish. Results: The review confirmed the damage that alcohol consumption can cause not only to the myocardium but also to all organs and systems of the body. Ethanol, with its toxic components, induces apoptosis of myocardial cells (cardiomyocytes), leading to alterations in cardiac contractility, ventricular dilation, and symptoms such as high blood pressure arrhythmias, with atrial fibrillation being a prominent one, and subsequent congestive heart failure symptoms.