Efectividad diagnóstica y seguridad de la Elastografía en pacientes con Fibrosis Hepática. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatic fibrosis results from a chronic inflammatory process of liver tissue, leading to the development of pathological scar tissue. Diagnosis is usually clinical, using scales like the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), fatty liver index (FLI), and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). However, due to their low effectiveness, several studies have supported using elastography. Objective: To determine the diagnostic effectiveness of transient elastography compared to the HSI, FLI, and NFS scales for diagnosing hepatic fibrosis in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through a systematic review. Methodology: This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data was collected through an updated search of medical databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, SciELO, and Cochrane, with information selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The OXFORD standard was used to categorize the references. Results: Forty-one bibliographic references were collected, 14 were used in the discussion, and 6 provided relevant data on the sensitivity and specificity of the scales. At the same time, the remaining eight references study the safety and diagnostic or prognostic effectiveness of transient elastography or FibroScan in NAFLD. Conclusion: Transient elastography, as an early marker of liver damage, is more effective in patients under 35 years of age with a low Body Mass Index (BMI) and no congestive diseases. Its sensitivity is 96%, and specificity is 98%, higher than the NFS, FLI, and index for Liver Fibrosis (FIB) scales. Keywords: elastography, hepatic fibrosis, steatosis, ultrasound