Revisión sistemáticas y metaanálisis del síndrome metabólico y riesgo de cáncer en adultos

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of signs and symptoms characterized by a multifactorial disorder that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Objective: To examine the scientific literature on metabolic syndrome and cancer risk in adults through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using scientific databases from 2020 to 2025, including PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, Dialnet, Google Scholar, and Redalyc, following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published in English and Spanish. Results: Sixteen articles were included in the study. The findings revealed a significant association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and various types of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal, breast, prostate, and endometrial cancers. The meta-analysis indicated that individuals with MS have a higher relative risk of developing cancer, with odds ratios and hazard ratios, in some cases, doubling or tripling the risk. The most influential variables were sex, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In Latin America, a high prevalence of MS was identified in people with cancer, highlighting its role as a significant comorbidity. Internationally, cohort studies confirmed this relationship, reinforcing the importance of preventive interventions. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a relevant risk factor for various types of cancer in adults. Early identification and management may contribute to reducing the cancer burden, particularly in populations with high rates of obesity and metabolic disorders. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome, cancer, risk factors, prevalence, disease