Actualización en el tratamiento de hipoglucemiantes orales en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo II.

Abstract

Abstract: A wide variety of oral hypoglycemic agents are available for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Conventional options include Biguanides, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, and thiazolidinediones, while newer ones like dipeptidyl peptidase four inhibitors, Sodium/Glucose transporter two inhibitors, among others, not only control T2DM but also manage associated pathologies of renal and cardiac origin. However, these medications are not included in Ecuador's basic drug regimen due to the high costs involved. Objective: To update knowledge on treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus, focusing on oral hypoglycemic agents. Methodology: A qualitative systematic review was conducted, and a non-experimental documentary outline was developed at a descriptive level following PRISMA guidelines. Results: For this review, 45 articles from Elsevier (2), PubMed (6), NIH (3), Google (11), SciELO (5), and Cochrane (1) databases were examined. Fourteen articles did not meet the established timeframe for publication. Conclusions: Although metformin remains the first-line oral medication for T2DM, other therapeutic options can be considered, considering each patient's comorbidities. Choosing the optimal option based on their condition can decrease complications, improve their lifestyle, and reduce cardiovascular risk. Keywords: Oral hypoglycemic agents, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ecuador