Caracterización clínica de labio y paladar hendido sindrómico. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common congenital malformation worldwide. Patients with this anomaly suffer from various problems, including difficulties in speaking, breathing, and feeding, as well as oral and dental issues. The cleft defect is associated with over 500 different complex syndromes, such as Van der Woude syndrome. Objective: To know and describe the clinical features of syndromic cleft lip and palate. Methodology: An electronic bibliographic search of scientific articles was performed, selecting the articles that had a relevant contribution to this research, with a final sample of 25 scientific articles. Results: The etiology of this anomaly is multifactorial, and 80% are attributed to genetic and environmental factors such as alcoholism, smoking, maternal stress, and maternal nutritional problems. Conclusions: CLP affects 1 in 700 children worldwide. It occurs during embryonic development due to a failure in the fusion of the dental and palatal processes, affecting structures such as the hard palate, soft palate, and alveolar process.