Consecuencias del síndrome del cuidador en el personal que atiende a pacientes adultos mayores con enfermedades crónicas

Abstract

Background: The significant advancement of aging is undeniable due to the major lifestyle changes over the last few decades. The dependence that arises makes it essential to have support and care, which typically falls upon a family member or close figure. To this caregiving, a multifaceted level of tension can be added, which the caregiver experiences when caring for a family member or loved one over time, known as caregiver syndrome. Objective: To describe the physical and mental health consequences of caregiver syndrome in individuals who provide care to elderly patients with chronic illnesses. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted, considering 16 scientific articles. These articles were obtained from various databases, including Medline, Lilacs, TripDatabase, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos. The review process was done by identification, diagnostic, eligibility, and selection of relevant articles. Results: The risk factors in the daily life of caregivers of elderly patients with chronic diseases are multidimensional and encompass socioeconomic, cultural, and demographic elements. In addition, some aspects related to the disease, the situation in which it develops, the caregiver's relationships, the surrounding environment, and psychological factors are included. These factors are combined to influence the caregiver's perception of burden. They have psychological consequences on the caregiver's psychological health associated with anxiety and depression. In physical terms, caregivers may experience fatigue, increased medication intake, pain that affects their daily activities, and a risk of musculoskeletal disorders. Furthermore, a decrease in quality of life and a low self-assessment of overall health are observed. These effects underscore the importance of supporting caregivers in their crucial role. Also, a decrease in the quality of life and a low self-assessment of overall health are observed. These effects highlight the importance of supporting caregivers in their crucial role.