Eficacia de la terapia psicológica en la bulimia y el rol de psicólogo

Abstract

Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive consumption of high-calorie foods within a brief time, known as binging, accompanied by body dysmorphia and concern about body size. Consequently, individuals resort to unhealthy methods to avoid weight gain, such as diet pills, laxatives, vomiting, and strict diets. This work aimed to analyze the psychotherapy effectiveness in bulimia and the psychologist's role by collecting information with the PRISMA method. To this end, a literature review with systematic support was conducted. The results obtained through a scientific literature analysis reveal significant adherence to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), where symptoms during and after treatment have been reduced; the efficacy of multifamily therapy (MFT) is demonstrated. Hence, the positive role of the psychologist in the therapeutic process is established. This involves employing various techniques, including patient data collection, building a therapist-patient alliance, providing psychoeducation about bulimia, managing emotions, developing coping skills, and addressing social skills, conflict resolution, and self-concept. Therefore, it is concluded that integrating CBT and MFT and the psychologist's involvement positively addresses the physical and mental symptoms of individuals diagnosed with bulimia. Furthermore, promoting and preventing bulimia and other eating disorders within society are deemed essential.