Enfermedad periodontal como causa del parto pretérmino. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Background: Preterm labor is among the main causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality, becoming a significant obstetric problem. It is defined as regular uterine contractions that lead to a change in cervical dilation or effacement between 20-37 weeks. The etiology of preterm birth includes causes like hypertensive disorders, hemodynamic instability, severe infections such as maternal periodontitis; a common condition that has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in preterm labor. However, a case-control study of pregnant mothers indicated that periodontal diseases represent a clinically significant and under-recognized risk factor for preterm birth. General Objective: To update, through literary discussion, periodontal disease as a cause of preterm birth. Methodology: This research was conducted in a narrative form as a literature review, based on scientific evidence collected from scientific articles from different journals, which were thoroughly and objectively analyzed, generating updated content about the problem presented and demonstrating its relevance in the medical field. Conclusions: This review aims to help obtain a better understanding of the problem so that the information gathered through this research aids the contribution to the development of protocols or standards to prevent periodontal diseases in women who are pregnant