Neuromodulación cerebral profunda como opción terapéutica en la enfermedad de Parkinson. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease often experience a range of motor symptoms, including bradykinesia (slowness of movements), tremors, rigidity, and coordination difficulties, as well as non-motor symptoms such as cognitive and emotional problems. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising therapy among the various treatment options available. This research aims to review the efficacy of DBS as a treatment for Parkinson's disease through a narrative literature review. Comprehensive searches were conducted in Scopus, SciELO, and PubMed databases to identify 28 relevant articles for their review. The review results indicate that DBS uses various mechanisms of action, including the suppression of abnormal motor activity in the basal ganglia, neuronal modulation through electrical stimulation, and restoration of normal brain rhythms. Ideal candidates for DBS have a confirmed diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, experience disabling motor fluctuations, and can provide informed consent. DBS effectively controls motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, tremors, dyskinesia, and rigidity. Parkinson's patients who benefit most from DBS are those with dominant tremors and bradykinesia, a combination of motor and cognitive symptoms. These findings highlight the versatility of DBS as an effective therapy for managing motor symptoms in Parkinson's patients, especially those meeting specific criteria.