Alternativas de tratamiento ortodóntico para corregir la sonrisa gingival. Revisión de literatura.

Abstract

Introduction: The gummy smile is an esthetic problem of multifactorial origin that is accompanied by various intraoral and extraoral conditions and may be the result of the excessive formation of randomly distributed type I and type III collagen fibers during human growth and development; therefore, it is essential to know the alternatives for its correction. Objective: To learn about the different treatment alternatives to correct the gingival smile from an orthodontic perspective. Materials and Methods: The selection of articles was made by searching the following electronic databases: PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane, Epistemonikos, Pesquisa, Taylor & Francis, Ovid, Dialnet, ProQuest, and Google Academic. The research was restricted to articles in English and Spanish, published from October 2012 to October 2022. Results: After using the inclusion criteria, a total of 35 articles were obtained and reviewed, determining that the most frequent cause of the gummy smile is caused by the alteration of the upper lip, which can be short and hyperactive, stating that the abnormal display of gingival and maxillary anterior teeth can occur due to numerous anatomical or functional factors, whether hereditary or congenital. Conclusion: The available literature revealed that the treatment of excessive gingival exposure (gummy smile) should be multidisciplinary and that orthodontics alone would be impossible to treat this condition.