Litiasis renal asociada a hiperparatiroidismo primario. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

This paper presents a narrative literature review on primary hyperparathyroidism and its association with renal lithiasis. The methods employed for the literature review, data extraction, and analysis are mentioned. The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed, along with the imaging techniques utilized. Additionally, the treatment options are addressed, and ethical considerations and study limitations are acknowledged. The study describes primary hyperparathyroidism as an endocrinological disorder characterized by elevated calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, emphasizing common causes like parathyroid adenomas and sporadic cases. It highlights prevalent clinical manifestations, including nephrolithiasis. Furthermore, the paper offers data on the incidence and prevalence of primary hyperparathyroidism in various populations. It also provides a detailed account of the anatomy and physiology of the parathyroid glands, along with a description of the genetic alterations linked to primary hyperparathyroidism, such as mutations in the MEN1 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia) and RET(Rearranged During Transfection) genes. Renal lithiasis is a frequent complication of primary hyperparathyroidism. Understanding the mechanisms of stone formation and the associated risk factors proves crucial diagnosing and treating of nephrolithiasis in individuals with primary hyperparathyroidism. In terms of treatment, the paper covers alternative approaches, like the use of bisphosphonates, while also outlining the recommendations for surgical intervention in line with the updated HPTP guidelines.