Niveles de sobrecarga, estrés, ansiedad y depresión en tutores de escolares con TDAH del Centro de Desarrollo Integral los Girasoles – Cuenca, 2024

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children is an increasingly prevalent problem that affects their ability to concentrate and regulate their behavior. This places a significant burden on both formal and informal caregivers, who may experience high levels of anxiety, stress, and depression. The mental health of caregivers is crucial for their well-being and their ability to provide appropriate care to children with ADHD. Therefore, this study aims to understand better the difficulties faced by tutors to identify ways to support them. Objective: To determine the levels of burden, anxiety, stress, and depression in tutors of schoolchildren with ADHD at the "Los Girasoles" Comprehensive Development Center – Cuenca, 2024. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study with a sample of 55 tutors of schoolchildren with ADHD. The DASS-21 questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Interview, and a sociodemographic form were administered. Statistical and bivariate analyses were performed. Results: Women reported higher levels of anxiety and stress compared to men. There was a higher prevalence of moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and stress compared to depression. An association was found between gender and caregiver burden levels. Conclusions: The Zarit questionnaire showed low burden among caregivers of children with ADHD, although some presented mild to moderate levels. Furthermore, the DASS-21 questionnaire indicated that anxiety and stress are more common than depression in cases of moderate to severe symptoms.