Influencia del SARS-COV-2 en el desarrollo de nefropatías. Revisión bibliográfica

Abstract

Introduction: Nephropathies comprise a range of disorders that lead to progressive deterioration and loss of renal function. Due to SARS-CoV-2, their incidence has increased by 20% to 50%, primarily resulting in renal failure, which has tripled the likelihood of mortality during hospitalization. Furthermore, the virus has led to post-hospitalization complications, such as the development of chronic kidney disease, affecting up to 16% of infected patients. Methodology: A narrative literature review was conducted to collect information regarding the influence of SARS-CoV-2 on the development of nephropathies. Data was gathered from databases such as Science Direct, Taylor and Francis, PubMed, and Springer Link as part of the PRISMA strategy. Results: A review of 71 articles compiled the main factors through which SARS-CoV-2 influences the development of nephropathy. The primary renal alterations caused by the virus are tubulointerstitial lesions and glomerulopathies, mainly collapsing glomerulopathy. These alterations trigger up to 90% of advanced-stage acute kidney injury, increasing mortality rate. Conclusions: The mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 infection occurs are varied; understanding them is crucial for implementing promptly strategies to prevent renal complications. Renal damage can arise or progress after illness by the virus, so post-infection control is essential.