Sarcoma Histiocítico: Reporte de Caso

Abstract

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is an extremely rare hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by the malignant proliferation of histiocyte-like cells. This study presents the case of a 33-year-old female patient with abdominal pain, weight loss, and anemia. Diagnostic evaluation included imaging studies and biopsies, confirming HS with lymph node and bone marrow infiltration. The patient started chemotherapy with the CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, Oncovin, and prednisone) regimen, although she developed severe hematological toxicity, requiring transfusions. Despite treatment, the disease presented an aggressive course, resulting in the patient's death. This case underscores the complexity of HS, highlighting the importance of a detailed differential diagnosis through immunohistochemistry and molecular studies to confirm HS and exclude other neoplasms. The clinical experience reflects the challenges in treating HS, with limited options, including chemotherapy and, in focal cases, surgery and radiotherapy. The prognosis for HS is guarded, and its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach and further research to develop effective therapies. The rarity of this neoplasm and its aggressiveness emphasize the urgency of improving therapeutic strategies.