Inmunoterapia guiada por virus oncolíticos en enfermedades mieloproliferativas

Abstract

Introduction: Oncolytic viral therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that uses the viral properties of a pathogen to eliminate tumor cells. The first oncolytic viral therapy trial was described in Spain in 2013. Since then, it has been used in other diseases, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, characterized by a constitutional syndrome with high morbidity and mortality due to associated complications. As technology has advanced, therapeutic advantages have become evident for managing and diagnosing myeloproliferative diseases by employing viral vectors with oncolytic characteristics. Methodology: This study is a narrative literature review, a comprehensive bibliographic revision on oncolytic virus-guided immunotherapy in myeloproliferative diseases in scientific databases such as PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect, following the PRISMA strategy. Results: Using oncolytic viruses shows promising outcomes in managing cancer and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Adenoviruses and measles virus have been intensely studied, obtaining encouraging results regarding disease remission and stabilization. Although oncolytic viruses are safe, mild adverse effects have been reported. Regarding myeloproliferative diseases, reoviruses have had a more significant effect on disease remission. Conclusions: Oncolytic viral therapy is the future of anticancer management by enhancing systemic oncolytic responsiveness. Disease remission and stabilization of certain types of cancer have been evidenced. Furthermore, its effect has been corroborated by sensitizing tumor cells to radiotherapy, facilitating the use of combined therapies. It has fewer adverse effects compared to radiotherapy and chemotherapy.