Implantología en pacientes de la tercera edad; tratamiento y resultado terapéutico

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of dental implants in seniors 65 years or older. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review literature by searching scientific databases and online journals of studies prospective studies in humans reporting treatment with dental implants in edentulous maxillae in elderly patients. Only studies reporting on diameter implants (>3mm). Data extraction was performed on rates of implant survival, peri-implant marginal bone level changes, technical/mechanical complications and biological complications. RESULTS: The search provided 999 publications, of which only 4 studies were included for analysis statistics. An implant survival rate of 98.86% and 94.7% at 1 and 5 years was revealed respectively. Peri-implant marginal bone level at 1 year ranged from 0.1 to 0.29mm, while at 5 years it was 0.85mm. Information on technical complications and biologics was inadequate for statistical analysis. Technical/mechanical complications reported were: loosening of the abutment screw (n=2), fracture of overdentures (n=1), wear and retention loss of their retentive caps (n=3), relining in the portion of the prosthesis between the implants (n=2). No study details complications biological. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with dental implants in older adults presents high implant survival rates, the peri-implant marginal bone level presents acceptable changes and minimal complications. Therefore, ages ≥65 years is a factor that contraindicates such therapy.