Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes con obesidad. Revisión Sistemática

Abstract

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors, including “dyslipidemias, hypertension, insulin resistance, central obesity, and impaired glucose levels” (1). This study analyzed the number of children and adolescents with obesity who had this condition. Methods: A systematic review was conducted during the 2023–2024 period. Selected articles were in English or Spanish, published between 2019 and 2023, and available in full-text and open access. Information was collected from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. Search terms included combinations such as "Metabolic syndrome children and adolescents with obesity," "metabolic" AND "syndrome" in "children" AND "adolescent," "cardiometabolic consequences." Results: The studies reviewed were categorized to address the research objectives: five studies analyzed children with both obesity and metabolic syndrome; thirteen studies helped identify populations using diagnostic guidelines or alternative parameters; and eight studies focused on cardiometabolic changes as consequences of the syndrome. Conclusions: Children and adolescents with obesity have a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome; however, metabolic syndrome can also occur in individuals without obesity. The most commonly used diagnostic criteria are those from the International Diabetes Federation, Ferranti, and NCEP-ATP III. Children and adolescents with metabolic syndrome are prone to complications such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular damage. Keywords: children, adolescents, metabolic syndrome, obesity