COMPLICACIONES POSTQUIRÚRGICAS DE LA ARTROPLASTIA PARCIAL Y TOTAL DE CADERA

Abstract

Background: Hip fractures, commonly affecting older adults, have a high mortality rate, with hip arthroplasty being the primary treatment. In the United States, there is an increase in the prevalence of total hip arthroplasty, with a significant percentage of complications. In Ecuador, osteoporosis and coxarthrosis are common, emphasizing the importance of studying complications of hip arthroplasty. This research seeks to understand the complications involved in arthroplasty and improve the care provided to these patients. Objective: To identify the post-surgical complications of partial and total hip arthroplasty. It also aims to determine their prevalence, evaluate the risk factors, and define the most typical complications of hip arthroplasty. Methods: A qualitative and descriptive study was conducted through a systematic review. Comprehensive search strategies were implemented in various academic databases, such as Scopus, Elsevier, Redalyc, SciELO, PubMed (using MeSH), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Results: Adverse events related to this surgical procedure were demonstrated. Among the systemic complications, high rates of pulmonary thromboembolism, pressure ulcers, respiratory failure, urinary tract infections, anemia due to bleeding, shock, and death were observed. Locally, there are risks associated with the prosthesis, such as infections, septic loosening, periprosthetic fractures, and prosthesis displacement. Keywords: Hip arthroplasty, hip arthroplasty complications, epidemiology of hip arthroplasty, total and partial hip arthroplasty