Proceso de atención de enfermería aplicado a la atención del paciente adulto mayor con hipertensión arterial: Revisión sistemática y Metaanálisis

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension in older adults requires a continuous and systematic approach. In this context, the (NCP) Nursing Care Process is proposed as a strategy for organizing care, strengthening self-care, and contributing to clinical management. Methodology: A review was conducted, with studies selected using the PRISMA flow diagram: 76 records were identified, 15 duplicates were eliminated, 61 records were screened, 48 full-text articles were reviewed, and 38 studies were ultimately included. Evidence was retrieved from eight databases, predominantly PubMed (52.6%) and from publications mostly in English. Results: The included studies were distributed as follows: 13 for objective 1, 13 for objective 2, and 12 for objective 3. It was found that the NCP is primarily applied as a cycle of assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, with variations in the explanation of nursing diagnoses depending on the type of study and the use of standardized languages. In terms of effectiveness, improvements were observed in blood pressure control and in behavioral variables such as self-care, self-management, and adherence. However, the relationship between clinical control and medication adherence is not always proportional. The implementation of the NCP depends on organizational factors, nursing staff, and the patient/family/context. Conclusion: The implementation of the NCP in older adults with hypertension is associated with clinical and behavioral benefits, but its impact and sustainability depend on the standardization of the process and on institutional and contextual conditions that facilitate its implementation. Keywords: hypertension, nursing care process, older adults, geriatric nursing.