Manejo de pacientes con intoxicación por organofosforados

Abstract

Pesticides are currently used worldwide to combat various pests and diseases. Organophosphates (OP) are chemical substances that develop toxicity in humans, altering the normal functioning of nerve impulses Objective: A literature review article was conducted on the management of patients with organophosphate poisoning, investigating the prevalence, risk factors, symptomatology, complications, and therapeutic management. Methodology: The study was framed in the search of articles in scientific databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Pubmed, Scielo, obtaining a total of 50 scientific documents, 44 of which are field articles, 5 literature review, and 1 therapeutic guide containing information relevant to the research topic. The last 5 years of publication were considered and as exclusion criteria, theses, monographs, and articles with more than 5 years of publication were not considered. Results and discussion: The prevalence of organophosphate poisoning is higher in developed countries, and the risk factors considered are lack of knowledge and non- compliance with biosafety standards. The most frequent symptoms of poisoning are gastrointestinal disorders and muscarinic syndromes, presenting paralysis of the respiratory muscles and rGnal failure; atropine is utilized in the therapeutic management. Conclusions: The use of organophosphorus substances causes intoxication with serious damage; vulnerable groups are considered to be agricultural workers due to the non-use of biosecurity norms. KEYWORDS: ORGANOPHOSPHATES, POISON, PESTICIDES, TOXIC SUBSTANCES, TREATMENT